diff --git a/debian/scripts/koha-es-indexer b/debian/scripts/koha-es-indexer
index 6a30b44b0a..4407ec4fa7 100755
--- a/debian/scripts/koha-es-indexer
+++ b/debian/scripts/koha-es-indexer
@@ -59,96 +59,40 @@ EOF
 start_es_indexer()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    if ! is_es_indexer_running $name; then
-
-        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/$name/koha-conf.xml"
-
-        DAEMONOPTS="--name=$name-koha-es-indexer \
-            --errlog=/var/log/koha/$name/es-indexer-error.log \
-            --output=/var/log/koha/$name/es-indexer-output.log \
-            --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/$name/ \
-            --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
-            --user=$name-koha.$name-koha"
-
-        log_daemon_msg "Starting Koha ES indexing daemon for $name"
-
-        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS -- $worker_DAEMON --batch_size ${batch_size}; then
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            log_end_msg 1
-        fi
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl start es-indexer "$name"
     else
-        log_daemon_msg "Error: ES indexing daemon already running for $name"
-        log_end_msg 1
+        _sysv_start_es_indexer "$name"
     fi
 }
 
 stop_es_indexer()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    if is_es_indexer_running $name; then
-        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/$name/koha-conf.xml"
-
-        DAEMONOPTS="--name=$name-koha-es-indexer \
-            --errlog=/var/log/koha/$name/es-indexer-error.log \
-            --output=/var/log/koha/$name/es-indexer-output.log \
-            --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/$name/ \
-            --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
-            --user=$name-koha.$name-koha"
-
-        log_daemon_msg "Stopping Koha ES indexing daemon for $name"
-
-        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS --stop -- $worker_DAEMON; then
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            log_end_msg 1
-        fi
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl stop es-indexer "$name"
     else
-        log_daemon_msg "Error: ES indexing daemon not running for $name"
-        log_end_msg 1
+        _sysv_stop_es_indexer "$name"
     fi
 }
 
 restart_es_indexer()
 {
     local name=$1
-    local queue=$2
-
-    if is_es_indexer_running $name; then
-        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/$name/koha-conf.xml"
-
-        DAEMONOPTS="--name=$name-koha-es-indexer \
-            --errlog=/var/log/koha/$name/es-indexer-error.log \
-            --output=/var/log/koha/$name/es-indexer-output.log \
-            --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/$name/ \
-            --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
-            --user=$name-koha.$name-koha"
-
-        log_daemon_msg "Restarting Koha ES indexing daemon for $name"
-
-        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS --restart -- $worker_DAEMON --batch_size ${batch_size}; then
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            log_end_msg 1
-        fi
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl restart es-indexer "$name"
     else
-        log_warning_msg "ES indexing daemon not running for $name."
-        start_es_indexer $name
+        _sysv_restart_es_indexer "$name"
     fi
 }
 
 es_indexer_status()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    if is_es_indexer_running $name; then
-        log_daemon_msg "ES indexing daemon running for ${name}"
-        log_end_msg 0
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl status es-indexer "$name"
     else
-        log_daemon_msg "ES indexing daemon not running for ${name}"
-        log_end_msg 3
+        _sysv_es_indexer_status "$name"
     fi
 }
 
diff --git a/debian/scripts/koha-functions.sh b/debian/scripts/koha-functions.sh
index ef138fce9b..73e2ca626e 100755
--- a/debian/scripts/koha-functions.sh
+++ b/debian/scripts/koha-functions.sh
@@ -157,60 +157,105 @@ is_sitemap_enabled()
     fi
 }
 
+# --- Service management abstraction ---
+# Systemd is the primary path. Legacy daemon/start-stop-daemon is the fallback.
+
+_KOHA_INIT_BACKEND=""
+
+koha_init_backend()
+{
+    if [ -z "$_KOHA_INIT_BACKEND" ]; then
+        if [ -d /run/systemd/system ] && \
+           systemctl list-unit-files koha-plack@.service >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            _KOHA_INIT_BACKEND="systemd"
+        else
+            _KOHA_INIT_BACKEND="sysv"
+        fi
+    fi
+    echo "$_KOHA_INIT_BACKEND"
+}
+
+# Map service + queue to systemd unit name
+_koha_systemd_unit()
+{
+    local service=$1 instance=$2 queue=$3
+
+    if [ "$service" = "worker" ] && [ -n "$queue" ] && [ "$queue" != "default" ]; then
+        echo "koha-worker-${queue}@${instance}.service"
+    else
+        echo "koha-${service}@${instance}.service"
+    fi
+}
+
+# Unified service control: start|stop|restart|reload|status
+koha_service_ctl()
+{
+    local action=$1 service=$2 instance=$3 queue=$4
+
+    local unit=$(_koha_systemd_unit "$service" "$instance" "$queue")
+
+    case "$action" in
+        start|stop|restart)
+            systemctl "$action" "$unit" ;;
+        reload)
+            systemctl reload-or-restart "$unit" ;;
+        status)
+            systemctl status "$unit" ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+# --- is_*_running: systemd-aware with legacy fallback ---
+
 is_sip_running()
 {
     local instancename=$1
-
-    if daemon --name="$instancename-koha-sip" \
-            --pidfiles="/var/run/koha/$instancename/" \
-            --user="$instancename-koha.$instancename-koha" \
-            --running ; then
-        return 0
-    else
-        return 1
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        systemctl is-active --quiet "$(_koha_systemd_unit sip $instancename)"
+        return
     fi
+    daemon --name="$instancename-koha-sip" \
+        --pidfiles="/var/run/koha/$instancename/" \
+        --user="$instancename-koha.$instancename-koha" \
+        --running
 }
 
 is_zebra_running()
 {
     local instancename=$1
-
-    if daemon --name="$instancename-koha-zebra" \
-            --pidfiles="/var/run/koha/$instancename/" \
-            --user="$instancename-koha.$instancename-koha" \
-            --running ; then
-        return 0
-    else
-        return 1
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        systemctl is-active --quiet "$(_koha_systemd_unit zebra $instancename)"
+        return
     fi
+    daemon --name="$instancename-koha-zebra" \
+        --pidfiles="/var/run/koha/$instancename/" \
+        --user="$instancename-koha.$instancename-koha" \
+        --running
 }
 
 is_indexer_running()
 {
     local instancename=$1
-
-    if daemon --name="$instancename-koha-indexer" \
-            --pidfiles="/var/run/koha/$instancename/" \
-            --user="$instancename-koha.$instancename-koha" \
-            --running ; then
-        return 0
-    else
-        return 1
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        systemctl is-active --quiet "$(_koha_systemd_unit indexer $instancename)"
+        return
     fi
+    daemon --name="$instancename-koha-indexer" \
+        --pidfiles="/var/run/koha/$instancename/" \
+        --user="$instancename-koha.$instancename-koha" \
+        --running
 }
 
 is_es_indexer_running()
 {
     local instancename=$1
-
-    if daemon --name="$instancename-koha-es-indexer" \
-            --pidfiles="/var/run/koha/$instancename/" \
-            --user="$instancename-koha.$instancename-koha" \
-            --running ; then
-        return 0
-    else
-        return 1
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        systemctl is-active --quiet "$(_koha_systemd_unit es-indexer $instancename)"
+        return
     fi
+    daemon --name="$instancename-koha-es-indexer" \
+        --pidfiles="/var/run/koha/$instancename/" \
+        --user="$instancename-koha.$instancename-koha" \
+        --running
 }
 
 is_worker_running()
@@ -218,16 +263,15 @@ is_worker_running()
     local instancename=$1
     local queue=$2
 
-    local name=`get_worker_name $instancename $queue`
-
-    if daemon --name="$name" \
-            --pidfiles="/var/run/koha/$instancename/" \
-            --user="$instancename-koha.$instancename-koha" \
-            --running ; then
-        return 0
-    else
-        return 1
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        systemctl is-active --quiet "$(_koha_systemd_unit worker $instancename $queue)"
+        return
     fi
+    local name=$(get_worker_name "$instancename" "$queue")
+    daemon --name="$name" \
+        --pidfiles="/var/run/koha/$instancename/" \
+        --user="$instancename-koha.$instancename-koha" \
+        --running
 }
 
 get_worker_name()
@@ -317,14 +361,12 @@ is_plack_enabled()
 is_plack_running()
 {
     local instancename=$1
-
-    if start-stop-daemon --pidfile "/var/run/koha/${instancename}/plack.pid" \
-            --user="$instancename-koha" \
-            --status ; then
-        return 0
-    else
-        return 1
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        systemctl is-active --quiet "$(_koha_systemd_unit plack $instancename)"
+        return
     fi
+    start-stop-daemon --pidfile "/var/run/koha/${instancename}/plack.pid" \
+        --user="$instancename-koha" --status
 }
 
 is_z3950_enabled()
@@ -341,14 +383,12 @@ is_z3950_enabled()
 is_z3950_running()
 {
     local instancename=$1
-
-    if start-stop-daemon --pidfile "/var/run/koha/${instancename}/z3950-responder.pid" \
-            --user="$instancename-koha" \
-            --status ; then
-        return 0
-    else
-        return 1
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        systemctl is-active --quiet "$(_koha_systemd_unit z3950 $instancename)"
+        return
     fi
+    start-stop-daemon --pidfile "/var/run/koha/${instancename}/z3950-responder.pid" \
+        --user="$instancename-koha" --status
 }
 
 is_elasticsearch_enabled()
@@ -512,3 +552,772 @@ get_es_indexer_batch_size()
         echo "10"
     fi
 }
+
+# --- Legacy (SysV) lifecycle functions ---
+# These are the fallback implementations used when systemd is not available.
+# They rely on globals set by the calling script (e.g. $STARMAN, $ZEBRA_DAEMON,
+# $worker_DAEMON, $verbose, $debugger, etc.)
+
+_sysv_start_plack()
+{
+    local instancename=$1
+
+    local PIDFILE="/var/run/koha/${instancename}/plack.pid"
+    local PLACKSOCKET="/var/run/koha/${instancename}/plack.sock"
+    local PSGIFILE="/etc/koha/plack.psgi"
+    local NAME="${instancename}-koha-plack"
+
+    if [ -e "/etc/koha/sites/${instancename}/plack.psgi" ]; then
+        PSGIFILE="/etc/koha/sites/${instancename}/plack.psgi"
+    fi
+
+    _check_and_fix_plack_perms $instancename
+
+    PLACK_MAX_REQUESTS=$(run_safe_xmlstarlet $instancename plack_max_requests)
+    [ -z $PLACK_MAX_REQUESTS ] && PLACK_MAX_REQUESTS="50"
+    PLACK_WORKERS=$(run_safe_xmlstarlet $instancename plack_workers)
+    [ -z $PLACK_WORKERS ] && PLACK_WORKERS="2"
+
+    instance_user="${instancename}-koha"
+
+    if is_debug_mode ${instancename} || [ -n "$development_environment" ]; then
+        environment="development"
+    else
+        environment="deployment"
+    fi
+    daemonize="--daemonize"
+    logging="--access-log /var/log/koha/${instancename}/plack.log \
+             --error-log /var/log/koha/${instancename}/plack-error.log"
+    max_requests_and_workers="--max-requests ${PLACK_MAX_REQUESTS} --workers ${PLACK_WORKERS}"
+
+    if [ "$debugger" = "yes" ] && [ "$environment" = "development" ]; then
+        daemonize=""
+        logging=""
+        max_requests_and_workers="--workers 1"
+        STARMAN="/usr/bin/perl -d ${STARMAN}"
+    fi
+
+    STARMANOPTS="-M FindBin ${max_requests_and_workers} \
+                 --user=${instance_user} --group ${instancename}-koha \
+                 --pid ${PIDFILE} ${daemonize} ${logging} \
+                 -E ${environment} --socket ${PLACKSOCKET} ${PSGIFILE}"
+
+    if ! is_plack_running ${instancename}; then
+        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/${instancename}/koha-conf.xml"
+
+        log_daemon_msg "Starting Plack daemon for ${instancename}"
+
+        current_dir=$(pwd)
+        eval cd ~$instance_user
+
+        if ${STARMAN} ${STARMANOPTS}; then
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            log_end_msg 1
+        fi
+        cd "$current_dir"
+    else
+        log_daemon_msg "Error: Plack already running for ${instancename}"
+        log_end_msg 1
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_stop_plack()
+{
+    local instancename=$1
+    local PIDFILE="/var/run/koha/${instancename}/plack.pid"
+
+    if is_plack_running ${instancename}; then
+        log_daemon_msg "Stopping Plack daemon for ${instancename}"
+        if start-stop-daemon --pidfile ${PIDFILE} --user="${instancename}-koha" --stop --retry=QUIT/30/KILL/5; then
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            log_end_msg 1
+        fi
+    else
+        log_daemon_msg "Error: Plack not running for ${instancename}"
+        log_end_msg 1
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_restart_plack()
+{
+    local instancename=$1
+
+    if is_plack_running ${instancename}; then
+        _sysv_stop_plack $instancename && _sysv_start_plack $instancename
+    else
+        log_warning_msg "Plack not running for ${instancename}."
+        _sysv_start_plack $instancename
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_reload_plack()
+{
+    local instancename=$1
+    local PIDFILE="/var/run/koha/${instancename}/plack.pid"
+
+    if is_plack_running ${instancename}; then
+        log_daemon_msg "Reloading Plack daemon for ${instancename}"
+        if start-stop-daemon --pidfile ${PIDFILE} --user="${instancename}-koha" --stop --signal HUP; then
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            log_end_msg 1
+        fi
+    else
+        log_daemon_msg "Error: Plack not running for ${instancename}"
+        log_end_msg 1
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_plack_status()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    if is_plack_running ${name}; then
+        log_daemon_msg "Plack running for ${name}"
+        log_end_msg 0
+    else
+        log_daemon_msg "Plack not running for ${name}"
+        log_end_msg 3
+    fi
+}
+
+_check_and_fix_plack_perms()
+{
+    local instance=$1
+    local files="/var/log/koha/${instance}/plack.log \
+                 /var/log/koha/${instance}/plack-error.log"
+    for file in ${files}; do
+        if [ ! -e "${file}" ]; then
+            touch ${file}
+        fi
+        chown "${instance}-koha":"${instance}-koha" ${file}
+    done
+}
+
+_sysv_start_zebra()
+{
+    local name=$1
+    local loglevels=$(get_loglevels ${name})
+    local max_record_size=$(get_max_record_size ${name})
+
+    if ! is_zebra_running $name; then
+        _check_and_fix_zebra_perms ${name}
+
+        DAEMONOPTS="--name=${name}-koha-zebra \
+                    --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/${name}/ \
+                    --errlog=/var/log/koha/${name}/zebra-error.log \
+                    --output=/var/log/koha/${name}/zebra-output.log \
+                    --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
+                    --user=${name}-koha.${name}-koha"
+
+        ZEBRA_PARAMS="-v $loglevels \
+                      -k $max_record_size \
+                      -f /etc/koha/sites/${name}/koha-conf.xml"
+        ZEBRA_TIMEFORMAT='%FT%T'
+
+        [ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
+            log_daemon_msg "Starting Koha Zebra daemon for ${name}"
+
+        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS -- $ZEBRA_DAEMON $ZEBRA_PARAMS -m "$ZEBRA_TIMEFORMAT"; then
+            ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && log_end_msg 0) || return 0
+        else
+            ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && log_end_msg 1) || return 1
+        fi
+    else
+        if [ "$verbose" != "no" ]; then
+            log_daemon_msg "Error: Zebra already running for ${name}"
+            log_end_msg 1
+        else
+            return 1
+        fi
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_stop_zebra()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    if is_zebra_running $name; then
+        DAEMONOPTS="--name=${name}-koha-zebra \
+                    --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/${name}/ \
+                    --errlog=/var/log/koha/${name}/zebra-error.log \
+                    --output=/var/log/koha/${name}/zebra-output.log \
+                    --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
+                    --user=${name}-koha.${name}-koha"
+
+        [ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
+            log_daemon_msg "Stopping Koha Zebra daemon for ${name}"
+
+        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS --stop -- $ZEBRA_DAEMON $ZEBRA_PARAMS; then
+            ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && log_end_msg 0) || return 0
+        else
+            ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && log_end_msg 1) || return 1
+        fi
+    else
+        if [ "$verbose" != "no" ]; then
+            log_daemon_msg "Error: Zebra not running for ${name}"
+            log_end_msg 1
+        else
+            return 1
+        fi
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_restart_zebra()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    if is_zebra_running ${name}; then
+        local noLF="-n"
+        [ "$verbose" != "no" ] && noLF=""
+        echo $noLF `_sysv_stop_zebra ${name}`
+        echo $noLF `_sysv_start_zebra ${name}`
+    else
+        if [ "$verbose" != "no" ]; then
+            log_warning_msg "Zebra not running for ${name}."
+        fi
+        _sysv_start_zebra ${name}
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_zebra_status()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    if is_zebra_running ${name}; then
+        log_daemon_msg "Zebra running for ${name}"
+        log_end_msg 0
+    else
+        log_daemon_msg "Zebra not running for ${name}"
+        log_end_msg 3
+    fi
+}
+
+_check_and_fix_zebra_perms()
+{
+    local name=$1
+    local files="/var/log/koha/${name}/zebra-output.log \
+                 /var/log/koha/${name}/zebra-error.log"
+    for file in ${files}; do
+        if [ ! -e "${file}" ]; then
+            touch ${file}
+        fi
+        chown "${name}-koha":"${name}-koha" ${file}
+    done
+}
+
+_sysv_start_worker()
+{
+    local name=$1
+    local queues=$2
+    local error_count=0
+
+    for queue in $queues; do
+        if ! is_worker_running "$name" "$queue"; then
+            worker_name=$(get_worker_name "$name" "$queue")
+            export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/${name}/koha-conf.xml"
+
+            DAEMONOPTS="--name=${worker_name} \
+                --errlog=/var/log/koha/${name}/worker-error.log \
+                --output=/var/log/koha/${name}/worker-output.log \
+                --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/${name}/ \
+                --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
+                --user=${name}-koha.${name}-koha"
+
+            echo "Starting Koha worker daemon for ${name} (${queue})"
+            if ! daemon $DAEMONOPTS -- "$worker_DAEMON" --queue "$queue"; then
+                ((error_count++))
+            fi
+        else
+            echo "Error: worker already running for ${name} (${queue})"
+            ((error_count++))
+        fi
+    done
+    log_end_msg $error_count
+}
+
+_sysv_stop_worker()
+{
+    local name=$1
+    local queues=$2
+    local error_count=0
+
+    for queue in $queues; do
+        if is_worker_running "$name" "$queue"; then
+            export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/${name}/koha-conf.xml"
+            worker_name=$(get_worker_name "$name" "$queue")
+
+            DAEMONOPTS="--name=${worker_name} \
+                --errlog=/var/log/koha/${name}/worker-error.log \
+                --output=/var/log/koha/${name}/worker-output.log \
+                --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/${name}/ \
+                --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
+                --user=${name}-koha.${name}-koha"
+
+            echo "Stopping Koha worker daemon for ${name} (${queue})"
+            if ! daemon $DAEMONOPTS --stop -- "$worker_DAEMON" --queue "$queue"; then
+                ((error_count++))
+            fi
+        else
+            echo "Error: worker not running for ${name} (${queue})"
+            ((error_count++))
+        fi
+    done
+    log_end_msg $error_count
+}
+
+_sysv_restart_worker()
+{
+    local name=$1
+    local queues=$2
+    local error_count=0
+
+    for queue in $queues; do
+        if is_worker_running "$name" "$queue"; then
+            export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/${name}/koha-conf.xml"
+            worker_name=$(get_worker_name "$name" "$queue")
+
+            DAEMONOPTS="--name=${worker_name} \
+                --errlog=/var/log/koha/${name}/worker-error.log \
+                --output=/var/log/koha/${name}/worker-output.log \
+                --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/${name}/ \
+                --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
+                --user=${name}-koha.${name}-koha"
+
+            echo "Restarting Koha worker daemon for ${name} (${queue})"
+            if ! daemon $DAEMONOPTS --restart -- "$worker_DAEMON" --queue "$queue"; then
+                ((error_count++))
+            fi
+        else
+            echo "Worker not running for ${name} (${queue})."
+            _sysv_start_worker $name $queue
+        fi
+    done
+    log_end_msg $error_count
+}
+
+_sysv_worker_status()
+{
+    local name=$1
+    local queues=$2
+
+    for queue in $queues; do
+        if is_worker_running "$name" "$queue"; then
+            log_daemon_msg "worker running for ${name} (${queue})"
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            log_daemon_msg "worker not running for ${name} (${queue})"
+            log_end_msg 3
+        fi
+    done
+}
+
+_sysv_start_indexer()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    if ! is_indexer_running $name; then
+        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/$name/koha-conf.xml"
+
+        DAEMONOPTS="--name=$name-koha-indexer \
+            --errlog=/var/log/koha/$name/indexer-error.log \
+            --output=/var/log/koha/$name/indexer-output.log \
+            --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/$name/ \
+            --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
+            --user=$name-koha.$name-koha"
+
+        log_daemon_msg "Starting Koha indexing daemon for $name"
+        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS -- $INDEXER_DAEMON $INDEXER_PARAMS; then
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            log_end_msg 1
+        fi
+    else
+        log_daemon_msg "Error: Indexer already running for $name"
+        log_end_msg 1
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_stop_indexer()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    if is_indexer_running $name; then
+        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/$name/koha-conf.xml"
+
+        DAEMONOPTS="--name=$name-koha-indexer \
+            --errlog=/var/log/koha/$name/indexer-error.log \
+            --output=/var/log/koha/$name/indexer-output.log \
+            --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/$name/ \
+            --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
+            --user=$name-koha.$name-koha"
+
+        log_daemon_msg "Stopping Koha indexing daemon for $name"
+        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS --stop -- $INDEXER_DAEMON $INDEXER_PARAMS; then
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            log_end_msg 1
+        fi
+    else
+        log_daemon_msg "Error: Indexer not running for $name"
+        log_end_msg 1
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_restart_indexer()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    if is_indexer_running $name; then
+        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/$name/koha-conf.xml"
+
+        DAEMONOPTS="--name=$name-koha-indexer \
+            --errlog=/var/log/koha/$name/indexer-error.log \
+            --output=/var/log/koha/$name/indexer-output.log \
+            --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/$name/ \
+            --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
+            --user=$name-koha.$name-koha"
+
+        log_daemon_msg "Restarting Koha indexing daemon for $name"
+        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS --restart -- $INDEXER_DAEMON $INDEXER_PARAMS; then
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            log_end_msg 1
+        fi
+    else
+        log_warning_msg "Indexer not running for $name."
+        _sysv_start_indexer $name
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_indexer_status()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    if is_indexer_running ${name}; then
+        log_daemon_msg "Indexer running for ${name}"
+        log_end_msg 0
+    else
+        log_daemon_msg "Indexer not running for ${name}"
+        log_end_msg 3
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_start_es_indexer()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    if ! is_es_indexer_running $name; then
+        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/$name/koha-conf.xml"
+
+        DAEMONOPTS="--name=$name-koha-es-indexer \
+            --errlog=/var/log/koha/$name/es-indexer-error.log \
+            --output=/var/log/koha/$name/es-indexer-output.log \
+            --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/$name/ \
+            --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
+            --user=$name-koha.$name-koha"
+
+        log_daemon_msg "Starting Koha ES indexing daemon for $name"
+        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS -- $worker_DAEMON --batch_size ${batch_size}; then
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            log_end_msg 1
+        fi
+    else
+        log_daemon_msg "Error: ES indexing daemon already running for $name"
+        log_end_msg 1
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_stop_es_indexer()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    if is_es_indexer_running $name; then
+        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/$name/koha-conf.xml"
+
+        DAEMONOPTS="--name=$name-koha-es-indexer \
+            --errlog=/var/log/koha/$name/es-indexer-error.log \
+            --output=/var/log/koha/$name/es-indexer-output.log \
+            --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/$name/ \
+            --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
+            --user=$name-koha.$name-koha"
+
+        log_daemon_msg "Stopping Koha ES indexing daemon for $name"
+        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS --stop -- $worker_DAEMON; then
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            log_end_msg 1
+        fi
+    else
+        log_daemon_msg "Error: ES indexing daemon not running for $name"
+        log_end_msg 1
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_restart_es_indexer()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    if is_es_indexer_running $name; then
+        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/$name/koha-conf.xml"
+
+        DAEMONOPTS="--name=$name-koha-es-indexer \
+            --errlog=/var/log/koha/$name/es-indexer-error.log \
+            --output=/var/log/koha/$name/es-indexer-output.log \
+            --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/$name/ \
+            --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
+            --user=$name-koha.$name-koha"
+
+        log_daemon_msg "Restarting Koha ES indexing daemon for $name"
+        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS --restart -- $worker_DAEMON --batch_size ${batch_size}; then
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            log_end_msg 1
+        fi
+    else
+        log_warning_msg "ES indexing daemon not running for $name."
+        _sysv_start_es_indexer $name
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_es_indexer_status()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    if is_es_indexer_running $name; then
+        log_daemon_msg "ES indexing daemon running for ${name}"
+        log_end_msg 0
+    else
+        log_daemon_msg "ES indexing daemon not running for ${name}"
+        log_end_msg 3
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_start_sip()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    _check_and_fix_sip_perms $name
+
+    if ! is_sip_running $name; then
+        if [ ! -f "/etc/koha/sites/${name}/SIPconfig.xml" ] || [ ! -f "/var/lib/koha/${name}/sip.enabled" ] ; then
+            echo "SIP is disabled, or you do not have a SIPconfig.xml file."
+        else
+            adjust_paths_git_install $name
+            export KOHA_HOME PERL5LIB
+
+            if ! is_git_install $name; then
+                LIBDIR=$KOHA_HOME/lib
+            else
+                LIBDIR=$KOHA_HOME
+            fi
+
+            DAEMONOPTS="--name=${name}-koha-sip \
+                    --errlog=/var/log/koha/${name}/sip-error.log \
+                    --output=/var/log/koha/${name}/sip-output.log \
+                    --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
+                    --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/${name} \
+                    --user=${name}-koha.${name}-koha"
+
+            SIP_PARAMS="$LIBDIR/C4/SIP/SIPServer.pm \
+                    /etc/koha/sites/${name}/SIPconfig.xml"
+
+            [ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
+                log_daemon_msg "Starting SIP server for ${name}"
+
+            if daemon $DAEMONOPTS -- perl $SIP_PARAMS; then
+                ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && log_end_msg 0) || return 0
+            else
+                ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && log_end_msg 1) || return 1
+            fi
+        fi
+    else
+        if [ "$verbose" != "no" ]; then
+            log_daemon_msg "Warning: SIP server already running for ${name}"
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            return 0
+        fi
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_stop_sip()
+{
+    local name=$1
+    local PIDFILE="/var/run/koha/${name}/${name}-koha-sip.pid"
+
+    if is_sip_running $name; then
+        [ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
+            log_daemon_msg "Stopping SIP server for ${name}"
+
+        if start-stop-daemon --pidfile $PIDFILE --user ${name}-koha --stop --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5; then
+            ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && log_end_msg 0) || return 0
+        else
+            ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && log_end_msg 1) || return 1
+        fi
+    else
+        if [ "$verbose" != "no" ]; then
+            log_daemon_msg "Warning: SIP server not running for ${name}"
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            return 0
+        fi
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_restart_sip()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    if is_sip_running ${name}; then
+        local noLF="-n"
+        [ "$verbose" != "no" ] && noLF=""
+        echo $noLF `_sysv_stop_sip ${name}`
+
+        MAX_ITERATION=10
+        while is_sip_running ${name}; do
+            i=$((i+1))
+            if [ $MAX_ITERATION -lt $i ]; then
+                break
+            fi
+            sleep 1;
+        done
+        echo $noLF `_sysv_start_sip ${name}`
+    else
+        if [ "$verbose" != "no" ]; then
+            log_warning_msg "Warning: SIP server not running for ${name}."
+        fi
+        _sysv_start_sip ${name}
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_sip_status()
+{
+    local name=$1
+
+    if is_sip_running ${name}; then
+        log_daemon_msg "SIP server running for ${name}"
+        log_end_msg 0
+    else
+        log_daemon_msg "SIP server not running for ${name}"
+        log_end_msg 3
+    fi
+}
+
+_check_and_fix_sip_perms()
+{
+    local name=$1
+    local files="/var/log/koha/${name}/sip-error.log /var/log/koha/${name}/sip-output.log"
+    for file in ${files}; do
+        if [ ! -e "${file}" ]; then
+            touch ${file}
+        fi
+        chown "${name}-koha":"${name}-koha" ${file}
+    done
+}
+
+_sysv_start_z3950()
+{
+    local instancename=$1
+
+    local PIDFILE="/var/run/koha/${instancename}/z3950-responder.pid"
+    local NAME="${instancename}-koha-z3950-responder"
+    local CONFIGDIR="/etc/koha/z3950"
+
+    if [ -e "/etc/koha/sites/${instancename}/z3950/config.xml" ]; then
+        CONFIGDIR="/etc/koha/sites/${instancename}/z3950"
+    fi
+
+    _check_and_fix_z3950_perms $instancename
+
+    instance_user="${instancename}-koha"
+
+    daemonize="-D -d ${instancename}-koha-z3950"
+    logging="-l /var/log/koha/${instancename}/z3950.log"
+
+    Z3950RESPONDER="/usr/bin/perl $KOHA_HOME/$KOHA_BINDIR/z3950_responder.pl"
+    if [ "$debugger" = "yes" ] && is_debug_mode $instancename; then
+        daemonize=""
+        logging=""
+        Z3950RESPONDER="/usr/bin/perl -d $KOHA_HOME/$KOHA_BINDIR/z3950_responder.pl"
+    elif [ "$debugger" = "yes" ]; then
+        warn "Not a test system, disabling debugger"
+    fi
+
+    Z3950OPTS="-c ${CONFIGDIR} \
+               -u ${instance_user} \
+               -p ${PIDFILE} ${daemonize} ${logging}"
+
+    if ! is_z3950_running ${instancename}; then
+        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/${instancename}/koha-conf.xml"
+
+        if [[ ! $Z3950_ADDITIONAL_OPTS ]]; then
+            Z3950_ADDITIONAL_OPTS="$( xmlstarlet sel -t -v 'yazgfs/config/z3950_responder_options' "$CONFIGDIR/config.xml" || true )"
+        fi
+
+        log_daemon_msg "Starting Z39.50/SRU daemon for ${instancename}"
+
+        current_dir=$(pwd)
+        eval cd ~$instance_user
+
+        if ${Z3950RESPONDER} ${Z3950_ADDITIONAL_OPTS} ${Z3950OPTS}; then
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            log_end_msg 1
+        fi
+        cd "$current_dir"
+    else
+        log_daemon_msg "Error: Z39.50/SRU already running for ${instancename}"
+        log_end_msg 1
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_stop_z3950()
+{
+    local instancename=$1
+    local PIDFILE="/var/run/koha/${instancename}/z3950-responder.pid"
+
+    if is_z3950_running ${instancename}; then
+        log_daemon_msg "Stopping Z39.50/SRU daemon for ${instancename}"
+        if start-stop-daemon --pidfile ${PIDFILE} --stop --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5; then
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            log_end_msg 1
+        fi
+    else
+        log_daemon_msg "Error: Z39.50/SRU not running for ${instancename}"
+        log_end_msg 1
+    fi
+}
+
+_sysv_restart_z3950()
+{
+    local instancename=$1
+
+    if is_z3950_running ${instancename}; then
+        log_daemon_msg "Restarting Z39.50/SRU daemon for ${instancename}"
+        if _sysv_stop_z3950 $instancename && _sysv_start_z3950 $instancename; then
+            log_end_msg 0
+        else
+            log_end_msg 1
+        fi
+    else
+        log_warning_msg "Z39.50/SRU not running for ${instancename}."
+        _sysv_start_z3950 $instancename
+    fi
+}
+
+_check_and_fix_z3950_perms()
+{
+    local instance=$1
+    local files="/var/log/koha/${instance}/z3950.log"
+    for file in ${files}; do
+        if [ ! -e "${file}" ]; then
+            touch ${file}
+        fi
+        chown "${instance}-koha":"${instance}-koha" ${file}
+    done
+}
diff --git a/debian/scripts/koha-indexer b/debian/scripts/koha-indexer
index f85f841bfc..40aaf964a4 100755
--- a/debian/scripts/koha-indexer
+++ b/debian/scripts/koha-indexer
@@ -58,94 +58,40 @@ EOF
 start_indexer()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    if ! is_indexer_running $name; then
-        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/$name/koha-conf.xml"
-
-        DAEMONOPTS="--name=$name-koha-indexer \
-            --errlog=/var/log/koha/$name/indexer-error.log \
-            --output=/var/log/koha/$name/indexer-output.log \
-            --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/$name/ \
-            --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
-            --user=$name-koha.$name-koha"
-
-        log_daemon_msg "Starting Koha indexing daemon for $name"
-
-        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS -- $INDEXER_DAEMON $INDEXER_PARAMS; then
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            log_end_msg 1
-        fi
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl start indexer "$name"
     else
-        log_daemon_msg "Error: Indexer already running for $name"
-        log_end_msg 1
+        _sysv_start_indexer "$name"
     fi
 }
 
 stop_indexer()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    if is_indexer_running $name; then
-        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/$name/koha-conf.xml"
-
-        DAEMONOPTS="--name=$name-koha-indexer \
-            --errlog=/var/log/koha/$name/indexer-error.log \
-            --output=/var/log/koha/$name/indexer-output.log \
-            --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/$name/ \
-            --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
-            --user=$name-koha.$name-koha"
-
-        log_daemon_msg "Stopping Koha indexing daemon for $name"
-
-        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS --stop -- $INDEXER_DAEMON $INDEXER_PARAMS; then
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            log_end_msg 1
-        fi
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl stop indexer "$name"
     else
-        log_daemon_msg "Error: Indexer not running for $name"
-        log_end_msg 1
+        _sysv_stop_indexer "$name"
     fi
 }
 
 restart_indexer()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    if is_indexer_running $name; then
-        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/$name/koha-conf.xml"
-
-        DAEMONOPTS="--name=$name-koha-indexer \
-            --errlog=/var/log/koha/$name/indexer-error.log \
-            --output=/var/log/koha/$name/indexer-output.log \
-            --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/$name/ \
-            --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
-            --user=$name-koha.$name-koha"
-
-        log_daemon_msg "Restarting Koha indexing daemon for $name"
-
-        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS --restart -- $INDEXER_DAEMON $INDEXER_PARAMS; then
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            log_end_msg 1
-        fi
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl restart indexer "$name"
     else
-        log_warning_msg "Indexer not running for $name."
-        start_indexer $name
+        _sysv_restart_indexer "$name"
     fi
 }
 
 indexer_status()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    if is_indexer_running ${name}; then
-        log_daemon_msg "Indexer running for ${name}"
-        log_end_msg 0
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl status indexer "$name"
     else
-        log_daemon_msg "Indexer not running for ${name}"
-        log_end_msg 3
+        _sysv_indexer_status "$name"
     fi
 }
 
diff --git a/debian/scripts/koha-plack b/debian/scripts/koha-plack
index ee3586dbb2..3b3dac0399 100755
--- a/debian/scripts/koha-plack
+++ b/debian/scripts/koha-plack
@@ -72,137 +72,50 @@ EOF
 start_plack()
 {
     local instancename=$1
-
-    local PIDFILE="/var/run/koha/${instancename}/plack.pid"
-    local PLACKSOCKET="/var/run/koha/${instancename}/plack.sock"
-    local PSGIFILE="/etc/koha/plack.psgi"
-    local NAME="${instancename}-koha-plack"
-
-    if [ -e "/etc/koha/sites/${instancename}/plack.psgi" ]; then
-        # pick instance-specific psgi file
-        PSGIFILE="/etc/koha/sites/${instancename}/plack.psgi"
-    fi # else stick with the default one
-
-    _check_and_fix_perms $instancename
-
-    PLACK_MAX_REQUESTS=$(run_safe_xmlstarlet $instancename plack_max_requests)
-    [ -z $PLACK_MAX_REQUESTS ] && PLACK_MAX_REQUESTS="50"
-    PLACK_WORKERS=$(run_safe_xmlstarlet $instancename plack_workers)
-    [ -z $PLACK_WORKERS ] && PLACK_WORKERS="2"
-
-    instance_user="${instancename}-koha"
-
-    if is_debug_mode ${instancename} || [ -n "$development_environment" ]; then
-        environment="development"
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl start plack "$instancename"
     else
-        environment="deployment"
-    fi
-    daemonize="--daemonize"
-    logging="--access-log /var/log/koha/${instancename}/plack.log \
-             --error-log /var/log/koha/${instancename}/plack-error.log"
-    max_requests_and_workers="--max-requests ${PLACK_MAX_REQUESTS} --workers ${PLACK_WORKERS}"
-
-    # Enable debugger?
-    if [ "$debugger" = "yes" ] && [ "$environment" = "development" ]; then
-        daemonize=""
-        logging="" # remote debugger takes care
-        max_requests_and_workers="--workers 1"
-        STARMAN="/usr/bin/perl -d ${STARMAN}"
-    fi
-
-    STARMANOPTS="-M FindBin ${max_requests_and_workers} \
-                 --user=${instance_user} --group ${instancename}-koha \
-                 --pid ${PIDFILE} ${daemonize} ${logging} \
-                 -E ${environment} --socket ${PLACKSOCKET} ${PSGIFILE}"
-
-    if ! is_plack_running ${instancename}; then
-        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/${instancename}/koha-conf.xml"
-
-        log_daemon_msg "Starting Plack daemon for ${instancename}"
-
-        # Change to the instance's user dir
-        current_dir=$(pwd)
-        eval cd ~$instance_user
-
-        if ${STARMAN} ${STARMANOPTS}; then
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            log_end_msg 1
-        fi
-        # Go back to the original dir
-        cd "$current_dir"
-
-    else
-        log_daemon_msg "Error: Plack already running for ${instancename}"
-        log_end_msg 1
+        _sysv_start_plack "$instancename"
     fi
 }
 
 stop_plack()
 {
     local instancename=$1
-
-    local PIDFILE="/var/run/koha/${instancename}/plack.pid"
-
-    if is_plack_running ${instancename}; then
-
-        log_daemon_msg "Stopping Plack daemon for ${instancename}"
-
-        if start-stop-daemon --pidfile ${PIDFILE} --user="${instancename}-koha" --stop --retry=QUIT/30/KILL/5; then
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            log_end_msg 1
-        fi
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl stop plack "$instancename"
     else
-        log_daemon_msg "Error: Plack not running for ${instancename}"
-        log_end_msg 1
+        _sysv_stop_plack "$instancename"
     fi
 }
 
 restart_plack()
 {
     local instancename=$1
-
-    local PIDFILE="/var/run/koha/${instancename}/plack.pid"
-
-    if is_plack_running ${instancename}; then
-        stop_plack $instancename && start_plack $instancename
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl restart plack "$instancename"
     else
-        log_warning_msg "Plack not running for ${instancename}."
-        start_plack $instancename
+        _sysv_restart_plack "$instancename"
     fi
 }
 
 reload_plack()
 {
     local instancename=$1
-
-    local PIDFILE="/var/run/koha/${instancename}/plack.pid"
-
-    if is_plack_running ${instancename}; then
-        log_daemon_msg "Reloading Plack daemon for ${instancename}"
-
-        if start-stop-daemon --pidfile ${PIDFILE} --user="${instancename}-koha" --stop --signal HUP; then
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            log_end_msg 1
-        fi
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl reload plack "$instancename"
     else
-        log_daemon_msg "Error: Plack not running for ${instancename}"
-        log_end_msg 1
+        _sysv_reload_plack "$instancename"
     fi
 }
 
 plack_status()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    if is_plack_running ${name}; then
-        log_daemon_msg "Plack running for ${name}"
-        log_end_msg 0
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl status plack "$name"
     else
-        log_daemon_msg "Plack not running for ${name}"
-        log_end_msg 3
+        _sysv_plack_status "$name"
     fi
 }
 
@@ -340,21 +253,6 @@ EOM
     fi
 }
 
-_check_and_fix_perms()
-{
-    local instance=$1
-
-    local files="/var/log/koha/${instance}/plack.log \
-                 /var/log/koha/${instance}/plack-error.log"
-
-    for file in ${files}
-    do
-        if [ ! -e "${file}" ]; then
-            touch ${file}
-        fi
-        chown "${instance}-koha":"${instance}-koha" ${file}
-    done
-}
 
 set_action()
 {
diff --git a/debian/scripts/koha-sip b/debian/scripts/koha-sip
index 73f56a0316..d2fdbf4e8a 100755
--- a/debian/scripts/koha-sip
+++ b/debian/scripts/koha-sip
@@ -60,122 +60,40 @@ EOF
 start_sip()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    _check_and_fix_perms $name
-
-    if ! is_sip_running $name; then
-        if [ ! -f "/etc/koha/sites/${name}/SIPconfig.xml" ] || [ ! -f "/var/lib/koha/${name}/sip.enabled" ] ; then
-            echo "SIP is disabled, or you do not have a SIPconfig.xml file."
-        else
-            adjust_paths_git_install $name
-            export KOHA_HOME PERL5LIB
-
-            if ! is_git_install $name; then
-                LIBDIR=$KOHA_HOME/lib
-            else
-                LIBDIR=$KOHA_HOME
-            fi
-
-            DAEMONOPTS="--name=${name}-koha-sip \
-                    --errlog=/var/log/koha/${name}/sip-error.log \
-                    --output=/var/log/koha/${name}/sip-output.log \
-                    --verbose=1 \
-                    --respawn \
-                    --delay=30 \
-                    --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/${name} \
-                    --user=${name}-koha.${name}-koha"
-
-            SIP_PARAMS="$LIBDIR/C4/SIP/SIPServer.pm \
-                    /etc/koha/sites/${name}/SIPconfig.xml"
-
-            [ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
-                log_daemon_msg "Starting SIP server for ${name}"
-
-            if daemon $DAEMONOPTS -- perl $SIP_PARAMS; then
-                ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
-                    log_end_msg 0) || return 0
-            else
-                ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
-                    log_end_msg 1) || return 1
-            fi
-        fi
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl start sip "$name"
     else
-        if [ "$verbose" != "no" ]; then
-            log_daemon_msg "Warning: SIP server already running for ${name}"
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            return 0
-        fi
+        _sysv_start_sip "$name"
     fi
 }
 
 stop_sip()
 {
     local name=$1
-    local PIDFILE="/var/run/koha/${name}/${name}-koha-sip.pid"
-
-    if is_sip_running $name; then
-
-        [ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
-            log_daemon_msg "Stopping SIP server for ${name}"
-
-        if start-stop-daemon --pidfile $PIDFILE --user ${name}-koha --stop --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5; then
-            ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
-                log_end_msg 0) || return 0
-        else
-            ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
-                log_end_msg 1) || return 1
-        fi
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl stop sip "$name"
     else
-        if [ "$verbose" != "no" ]; then
-            log_daemon_msg "Warning: SIP server not running for ${name}"
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            return 0
-        fi
+        _sysv_stop_sip "$name"
     fi
 }
 
 restart_sip()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    if is_sip_running ${name}; then
-        local noLF="-n"
-        [ "$verbose" != "no" ] && noLF=""
-        echo $noLF `stop_sip ${name}`
-
-        MAX_ITERATION=10
-        while is_sip_running ${name}; do
-            i=$((i+1))
-            if [ $MAX_ITERATION -lt $i ]; then
-                break
-            fi
-            sleep 1;
-
-        done
-        echo $noLF `start_sip ${name}`
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl restart sip "$name"
     else
-        if [ "$verbose" != "no" ]; then
-            log_warning_msg "Warning: SIP server not running for ${name}."
-            start_sip ${name}
-        else
-            start_sip ${name}
-            return 0
-        fi
+        _sysv_restart_sip "$name"
     fi
 }
 
 sip_status()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    if is_sip_running ${name}; then
-        log_daemon_msg "SIP server running for ${name}"
-        log_end_msg 0
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl status sip "$name"
     else
-        log_daemon_msg "SIP server not running for ${name}"
-        log_end_msg 3
+        _sysv_sip_status "$name"
     fi
 }
 
@@ -217,21 +135,6 @@ disable_sip()
 }
 
 
-_check_and_fix_perms()
-{
-    local name=$1
-
-    local files="/var/log/koha/${name}/sip-error.log /var/log/koha/${name}/sip-output.log"
-
-    for file in ${files}
-    do
-        if [ ! -e "${file}" ]; then
-            touch ${file}
-        fi
-        chown "${name}-koha":"${name}-koha" ${file}
-    done
-}
-
 set_action()
 {
     if [ "$op" = "" ]; then
diff --git a/debian/scripts/koha-worker b/debian/scripts/koha-worker
index 7e4743d6fc..a2ee757a2b 100755
--- a/debian/scripts/koha-worker
+++ b/debian/scripts/koha-worker
@@ -64,118 +64,52 @@ start_worker()
 {
     local name=$1
     local queues=$2
-
-    local error_count=0
-
-    for queue in $queues; do
-        if ! is_worker_running "$name" "$queue"; then
-
-            worker_name=$(get_worker_name "$name" "$queue")
-            export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/${name}/koha-conf.xml"
-
-            DAEMONOPTS="--name=${worker_name} \
-                --errlog=/var/log/koha/${name}/worker-error.log \
-                --output=/var/log/koha/${name}/worker-output.log \
-                --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/${name}/ \
-                --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
-                --user=${name}-koha.${name}-koha"
-
-            echo "Starting Koha worker daemon for ${name} (${queue})"
-
-            if ! daemon $DAEMONOPTS -- "$worker_DAEMON" --queue "$queue"; then
-                ((error_count++))
-            fi
-        else
-            echo "Error: worker already running for ${name} (${queue})"
-            ((error_count++))
-        fi
-    done
-
-    log_end_msg $error_count
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        for queue in $queues; do
+            koha_service_ctl start worker "$name" "$queue"
+        done
+    else
+        _sysv_start_worker "$name" "$queues"
+    fi
 }
 
 stop_worker()
 {
     local name=$1
     local queues=$2
-
-    local error_count=0
-
-    for queue in $queues; do
-        if is_worker_running "$name" "$queue"; then
-            export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/${name}/koha-conf.xml"
-
-            worker_name=$(get_worker_name "$name" "$queue")
-
-            DAEMONOPTS="--name=${worker_name} \
-                --errlog=/var/log/koha/${name}/worker-error.log \
-                --output=/var/log/koha/${name}/worker-output.log \
-                --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/${name}/ \
-                --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
-                --user=${name}-koha.${name}-koha"
-
-            echo "Stopping Koha worker daemon for ${name} (${queue})"
-
-            if ! daemon $DAEMONOPTS --stop -- "$worker_DAEMON" --queue "$queue"; then
-                ((error_count++))
-            fi
-        else
-            echo "Error: worker not running for ${name} (${queue})"
-            ((error_count++))
-        fi
-    done
-
-    log_end_msg $error_count
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        for queue in $queues; do
+            koha_service_ctl stop worker "$name" "$queue"
+        done
+    else
+        _sysv_stop_worker "$name" "$queues"
+    fi
 }
 
 restart_worker()
 {
     local name=$1
     local queues=$2
-
-    local error_count=0
-
-    for queue in $queues; do
-        if is_worker_running "$name" "$queue"; then
-            export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/${name}/koha-conf.xml"
-
-            worker_name=$(get_worker_name "$name" "$queue")
-
-            DAEMONOPTS="--name=${worker_name} \
-                --errlog=/var/log/koha/${name}/worker-error.log \
-                --output=/var/log/koha/${name}/worker-output.log \
-                --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/${name}/ \
-                --verbose=1 --respawn --delay=30 \
-                --user=${name}-koha.${name}-koha"
-
-            echo "Restarting Koha worker daemon for ${name} (${queue})"
-
-            if ! daemon $DAEMONOPTS --restart -- "$worker_DAEMON" --queue "$queue"; then
-                ((error_count++))
-            fi
-        else
-            echo "Worker not running for ${name} (${queue})."
-            start_worker $name $queue
-        fi
-    done
-
-    log_end_msg $error_count
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        for queue in $queues; do
+            koha_service_ctl restart worker "$name" "$queue"
+        done
+    else
+        _sysv_restart_worker "$name" "$queues"
+    fi
 }
 
 worker_status()
 {
     local name=$1
     local queues=$2
-
-    for queue in $queues; do
-        if is_worker_running "$name" "$queue"; then
-            log_daemon_msg "worker running for ${name} (${queue})"
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            log_daemon_msg "worker not running for ${name} (${queue})"
-            log_end_msg 3
-        fi
-    done
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        for queue in $queues; do
+            koha_service_ctl status worker "$name" "$queue"
+        done
+    else
+        _sysv_worker_status "$name" "$queues"
+    fi
 }
 
 set_action()
diff --git a/debian/scripts/koha-z3950-responder b/debian/scripts/koha-z3950-responder
index 5642f2c89f..4a5cb41884 100755
--- a/debian/scripts/koha-z3950-responder
+++ b/debian/scripts/koha-z3950-responder
@@ -68,102 +68,30 @@ EOF
 start_z3950()
 {
     local instancename=$1
-
-    local PIDFILE="/var/run/koha/${instancename}/z3950-responder.pid"
-    local NAME="${instancename}-koha-z3950-responder"
-    local CONFIGDIR="/etc/koha/z3950"
-
-    if [ -e "/etc/koha/sites/${instancename}/z3950/config.xml" ]; then
-        # pick instance-specific config dir
-        CONFIGDIR="/etc/koha/sites/${instancename}/z3950"
-    fi # else stick with the default one
-
-    _check_and_fix_perms $instancename
-
-    instance_user="${instancename}-koha"
-
-    daemonize="-D -d ${instancename}-koha-z3950"
-    logging="-l /var/log/koha/${instancename}/z3950.log"
-
-    Z3950RESPONDER="/usr/bin/perl $KOHA_HOME/$KOHA_BINDIR/z3950_responder.pl"
-    if [ "$debugger" = "yes" ] && is_debug_mode $instancename; then
-        daemonize=""
-        logging="" # remote debugger takes care
-        Z3950RESPONDER="/usr/bin/perl -d $KOHA_HOME/$KOHA_BINDIR/z3950_responder.pl"
-    elif [ "$debugger" = "yes" ]; then
-        warn "Not a test system, disabling debugger"
-    fi
-
-    Z3950OPTS="-c ${CONFIGDIR} \
-               -u ${instance_user} \
-               -p ${PIDFILE} ${daemonize} ${logging}"
-
-    if ! is_z3950_running ${instancename}; then
-        export KOHA_CONF="/etc/koha/sites/${instancename}/koha-conf.xml"
-
-        if [[ ! $Z3950_ADDITIONAL_OPTS ]]; then
-            Z3950_ADDITIONAL_OPTS="$( xmlstarlet sel -t -v 'yazgfs/config/z3950_responder_options' "$CONFIGDIR/config.xml" || true )"
-        fi
-
-        log_daemon_msg "Starting Z39.50/SRU daemon for ${instancename}"
-
-        # Change to the instance's user dir
-        current_dir=$(pwd)
-        eval cd ~$instance_user
-
-        if ${Z3950RESPONDER} ${Z3950_ADDITIONAL_OPTS} ${Z3950OPTS}; then
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            log_end_msg 1
-        fi
-        # Go back to the original dir
-        cd "$current_dir"
-
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl start z3950 "$instancename"
     else
-        log_daemon_msg "Error: Z39.50/SRU already running for ${instancename}"
-        log_end_msg 1
+        _sysv_start_z3950 "$instancename"
     fi
 }
 
 stop_z3950()
 {
     local instancename=$1
-
-    local PIDFILE="/var/run/koha/${instancename}/z3950-responder.pid"
-
-    if is_z3950_running ${instancename}; then
-
-        log_daemon_msg "Stopping Z39.50/SRU daemon for ${instancename}"
-
-        if start-stop-daemon --pidfile ${PIDFILE} --stop --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5; then
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            log_end_msg 1
-        fi
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl stop z3950 "$instancename"
     else
-        log_daemon_msg "Error: Z39.50/SRU not running for ${instancename}"
-        log_end_msg 1
+        _sysv_stop_z3950 "$instancename"
     fi
 }
 
 restart_z3950()
 {
     local instancename=$1
-
-    local PIDFILE="/var/run/koha/${instancename}/z3950.pid"
-
-    if is_z3950_running ${instancename}; then
-
-        log_daemon_msg "Restarting Z39.50/SRU daemon for ${instancename}"
-
-        if stop_z3950 $instancename && start_z3950 $instancename; then
-            log_end_msg 0
-        else
-            log_end_msg 1
-        fi
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl restart z3950 "$instancename"
     else
-        log_warning_msg "Z39.50/SRU not running for ${instancename}."
-        start_z3950 $instancename
+        _sysv_restart_z3950 "$instancename"
     fi
 }
 
@@ -211,21 +139,6 @@ disable_z3950()
     fi
 }
 
-_check_and_fix_perms()
-{
-    local instance=$1
-
-    local files="/var/log/koha/${instance}/z3950.log"
-
-    for file in ${files}
-    do
-        if [ ! -e "${file}" ]; then
-            touch ${file}
-        fi
-        chown "${instance}-koha":"${instance}-koha" ${file}
-    done
-}
-
 set_action()
 {
     if [ "$op" = "" ]; then
diff --git a/debian/scripts/koha-zebra b/debian/scripts/koha-zebra
index 2185fa0e4a..7eee7aced6 100755
--- a/debian/scripts/koha-zebra
+++ b/debian/scripts/koha-zebra
@@ -58,132 +58,43 @@ EOF
 start_zebra()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    # get zebra log levels from koha-conf.xml
-    local loglevels=$(get_loglevels ${name})
-    local max_record_size=$(get_max_record_size ${name})
-
-    if ! is_zebra_running $name; then
-
-        _check_and_fix_perms ${name}
-
-        DAEMONOPTS="--name=${name}-koha-zebra \
-                    --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/${name}/ \
-                    --errlog=/var/log/koha/${name}/zebra-error.log \
-                    --output=/var/log/koha/${name}/zebra-output.log \
-                    --verbose=1 \
-                    --respawn \
-                    --delay=30 \
-                    --user=${name}-koha.${name}-koha"
-
-        ZEBRA_PARAMS="-v $loglevels \
-                      -k $max_record_size \
-                      -f /etc/koha/sites/${name}/koha-conf.xml"
-        ZEBRA_TIMEFORMAT='%FT%T'
-
-        [ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
-            log_daemon_msg "Starting Koha Zebra daemon for ${name}"
-
-        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS -- $ZEBRA_DAEMON $ZEBRA_PARAMS -m "$ZEBRA_TIMEFORMAT"; then
-            ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
-                log_end_msg 0) || return 0
-        else
-            ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
-                log_end_msg 1) || return 1
-        fi
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl start zebra "$name"
     else
-        if [ "$verbose" != "no" ]; then
-            log_daemon_msg "Error: Zebra already running for ${name}"
-            log_end_msg 1
-        else
-            return 1
-        fi
+        _sysv_start_zebra "$name"
     fi
 }
 
 stop_zebra()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    if is_zebra_running $name; then
-
-        DAEMONOPTS="--name=${name}-koha-zebra \
-                    --pidfiles=/var/run/koha/${name}/ \
-                    --errlog=/var/log/koha/${name}/zebra-error.log \
-                    --output=/var/log/koha/${name}/zebra-output.log \
-                    --verbose=1 \
-                    --respawn \
-                    --delay=30 \
-                    --user=${name}-koha.${name}-koha"
-
-        [ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
-            log_daemon_msg "Stopping Koha Zebra daemon for ${name}"
-
-        if daemon $DAEMONOPTS --stop -- $ZEBRA_DAEMON $ZEBRA_PARAMS; then
-            ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
-                log_end_msg 0) || return 0
-        else
-            ([ "$verbose" != "no" ] && \
-                log_end_msg 1) || return 1
-        fi
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl stop zebra "$name"
     else
-        if [ "$verbose" != "no" ]; then
-            log_daemon_msg "Error: Zebra not running for ${name}"
-            log_end_msg 1
-        else
-            return 1
-        fi
+        _sysv_stop_zebra "$name"
     fi
 }
 
 restart_zebra()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    if is_zebra_running ${name}; then
-        local noLF="-n"
-        [ "$verbose" != "no" ] && noLF=""
-        echo $noLF `stop_zebra ${name}`
-        echo $noLF `start_zebra ${name}`
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl restart zebra "$name"
     else
-        if [ "$verbose" != "no" ]; then
-            log_warning_msg "Zebra not running for ${name}."
-            start_zebra ${name}
-        else
-            start_zebra ${name}
-            return 0
-        fi
+        _sysv_restart_zebra "$name"
     fi
 }
 
 zebra_status()
 {
     local name=$1
-
-    if is_zebra_running ${name}; then
-        log_daemon_msg "Zebra running for ${name}"
-        log_end_msg 0
+    if [ "$(koha_init_backend)" = "systemd" ]; then
+        koha_service_ctl status zebra "$name"
     else
-        log_daemon_msg "Zebra not running for ${name}"
-        log_end_msg 3
+        _sysv_zebra_status "$name"
     fi
 }
 
-_check_and_fix_perms()
-{
-    local name=$1
-
-    local files="/var/log/koha/${name}/zebra-output.log \
-                 /var/log/koha/${name}/zebra-error.log"
-
-    for file in ${files}
-    do
-        if [ ! -e "${file}" ]; then
-            touch ${file}
-        fi
-        chown "${name}-koha":"${name}-koha" ${file}
-    done
-}
 
 set_action()
 {